Ontario

A cross-sectional investigation of HIV prevalence and risk factors among African, Caribbean and Black people in Ontario: The A/C Study

July 1, 2022

Background: The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) epidemic has disproportionately affected African, Caribbean and Black (ACB) communities in Canada. We investigated the prevalence and factors associated with HIV infection among ACB people in Ontario. Methods: A cross-sectional survey of first- and second-generation ACB people aged 15–64 years in Toronto and Ottawa (Ontario, Canada). We collected sociodemographic…
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Understanding the overrepresentation of Black children in Ontario’s child welfare system: Perspectives from child welfare workers and community service providers

July 1, 2022

Background: The overrepresentation of Black children in the child welfare system is a social problem that has received longstanding attention in the United States, but has recently received increasing attention in Canada. Objective: This qualitative study explores the findings of two quantitative studies (Antwi-Boasiako et al., 2020, 2021) in order to interpret them through the…
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“She’s Very Known in the School”: Black Girls, Race, Gender, and Sexual Violence in Ontario Schools

July 1, 2022

Discourse on the experiences of Black adolescents in Ontario schools is largely centered on achievement statistics and disciplinary experiences. Much attention has been given to the negative experiences of Black boys, particularly their increased likelihood of being pushed out of school, and as being outperformed by their female counterparts and students of other racial backgrounds.…
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Racial variations of adverse perinatal outcomes: A population-based retrospective cohort study in Ontario, Canada

June 30, 2022

Introduction: Racial differences in adverse maternal and birth outcomes have been studied in other countries, however, there are few studies specific to the Canadian population. In this study, we sought to examine the inequities in adverse perinatal outcomes between Black and White pregnant people in Ontario, Canada. Methods: We conducted a population-based retrospective cohort study…
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Immigrant generational status and the uptake of HIV screening services among heterosexual men of African descent in Canada: Evidence from the weSpeak study

May 25, 2022

Objective: Canada became a preferred destination for many non-European and non-American migrants since the introduction of favorable immigration policies in the late 1960 s. Black immigrants from the African and Caribbean regions however are a known vulnerable population to HIV infection in Canada. Even though first- generation immigrants might differ from subsequent generations in terms…
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Community perspectives on addressing and responding to HIV ‑ testing, pre ‑ exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) and post ‑ exposure prophylaxis (PEP) among African, Caribbean and Black (ACB) people in Ontario, Canada

May 7, 2022

Background: The African, Caribbean, and Black (ACB) population of Ontario, Canada is composed of individuals with diverse ethnic, cultural and linguistic backgrounds and experiences; some of whom have resided in Canada for many generations, and others who have migrated in recent decades. Even though the ACB population represents less than 3.5% of the Canadian population,…
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Association of maternal socioeconomic status and race with risk of congenital heart disease: a population- based retrospective cohort study in Ontario, Canada

January 5, 2022

Objective: To investigate the interrelationships between maternal socioeconomic status (SES), race and congenital heart diseases (CHD) among infants. Design: Retrospective cohort study. Study setting: Ontario, Canada. Study population: All singleton stillbirths and live births born in hospitals between 1 April 2012 and 31 March 2018 in Ontario, Canada (n=804 292). Outcome: CHD. Analysis: Multivariable logistic…
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The Perception of Religious Leaders on HIV and Their Role in HIV Prevention: A Case Study of African, Caribbean, and Black (ACB) Communities in Windsor, Ontario

October 5, 2021

This paper explores the perception of African, Caribbean, and Black (ACB) religious leaders on HIV vulnerability and their role in HIV prevention among ACB communities in Windsor, Ontario. We conducted one semi-structured focus group discussion with nine Black religious leaders, most of whose congregants are members of the ACB community. Most religious leaders in the…
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“I went in there, had a bit of an issue with those folks”: everyday challenges of heterosexual African, Caribbean and black (ACB) men in accessing HIV/AIDS services in London, Ontario.

July 1, 2021

Background: In Canada, heterosexual African, Caribbean, and Black (ACB) men’s heightened risk of HIV infection has been linked to behavioral characteristics, including practices of hegemonic masculinity that discourage the use of HIV preventive services. However, this framing is bereft of the role of structural factors that may be contributing to new HIV infections. This paper…
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Concurrent sexual partnerships and HIV testing among heterosexual Black men in Ontario, Canada: findings from the weSpeak study.

July 1, 2021

Background: African, Caribbean, and Black men constitute the second-highest category of males living with HIV in Ontario, which increased from 15.4% to 17% between 2011 and 2016. Previous studies have attributed this disproportionately higher rate to multiple concurrent sexual partnerships and low rates of HIV testing. Drawing on theoretical constructs of the health belief model…
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