Child Welfare

Reasons for admission to service and overrepresentation of Black youth in the child welfare system in Ontario, Canada: Does race matter?

July 1, 2023

Background: In studies exploring racial disparities in the Canadian child welfare systems, evidence is still lacking on the reasons for admission of children to service. Objective: This study investigates the reasons for admission to service in Ontario child welfare based on racial identities. Methods: We analyzed three-time points (2018, 2019, and 2020) of the Ontario…
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Racism as a vehicle for the overrepresentation of Black youth in child protection services in Ontario, Canada: Caseworkers’ and community facilitators’ perspectives

July 1, 2023

Background: Recent studies have confirmed the overrepresentation of Black youth in child protection services (CPS) in Ontario, Canada. Anti-Black racism has been raised as an issue contributing to the overrepresentation. Based on Critical Race Theory (CRT) and the social-ecological model, this article examines how different levels of racism influence the overrepresentation of Black youth in…
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“I don’t have the energy”: Racial stress, young Black motherhood, and Canadian social policies.

July 1, 2023

Significant socio-economic, health, and mental health disparities due to highly entrenched and systemic antiBlack racism in Canadian institutions, policies, and practices are now well documented in research and policy reports. Yet, few in-depth studies have addressed the mental health impacts of anti-Black racism on Canadian populations. This article is rooted in a community-based, qualitative research…
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The absence of language: A critical race discourse analysis of Ontario’s child welfare legislation and the impacts on Black families

July 1, 2023

Background: The research pertaining to racial disparities for Black families in child welfare is relatively limited in Canada. Recent research reveals that the overrepresentation of Black families in Canadian child welfare systems typically begins at the reporting or investigation stage and continues throughout the child welfare service and decision-making continuum. This research is occurring against…
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Experiences of discrimination or violence and health outcomes among Black, Indigenous and People of Colour trans and/or nonbinary youth

July 1, 2023

Aims: Identify the relationship between experiences of discrimination or violence and health outcomes for transgender and nonbinary Black, Indigenous and People of Colour (BIPOC) compared to their white trans and nonbinary peers. Design: A national online survey, the 2019 Canadian Trans and Nonbinary Youth Health Survey was conducted among youth ages 14–25, in English and…
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The association of gestational age at birth with trajectories of early childhood developmental delay among late preterm and early term born children: A longitudinal analysis of All Our Families pregnancy cohort

July 1, 2023

Background: Like infants born very preterm (<32 weeks), late preterm (≥34 and <37 weeks) and early term (≥37 and <39 weeks) births have been associated with increased risk of developmental delay (DD); yet, the evidence remains heterogeneous across the continuum of gestational ages, hindering early identification and intervention. Objective: To estimate the association of gestational…
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Gender differences in perceived racism threat and activism during the Black Lives Matter social justice movement for Black young adults

July 1, 2023

A longitudinal study involving 455 Black young adults living in Canada investigated whether gender and autonomous motivation influenced the relationship between perceived racism threat and Black Lives Matter (BLM) activism, and whether BLM activism influenced life satisfaction over time. A moderated mediation analysis using PROCESS Macro Model 58 tested the indirect effect of autonomous motivation…
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Concordance of Diagnosis of Autism Spectrum Disorder Made by Pediatricians vs a Multidisciplinary Specialist Team

July 1, 2023

Importance: Wait times for autism spectrum disorder (ASD) diagnosis are lengthy because of inadequate supply of specialist teams. General pediatricians may be able to diagnose some cases of ASD, thereby reducing wait times. Objective: To determine the accuracy of ASD diagnostic assessments conducted by general pediatricians compared with a multidisciplinary team (MDT). Design, Setting, and…
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Examining the role of peer and family belongingness in the mental health of black lgbtq + youth.

July 1, 2023

A sense of belonging to familial and peer networks is crucial for the mental health of LGBTQ + youth. Black LGBTQ + youth report feeling rejected and isolated due to their sexual and/or gender identities. Utilizing linear regression analyses, this study explored the relationship between peer and family belongingness and levels of depression, anxiety, and…
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Pathways of Black immigrant youth in Quebec from secondary school to university: Cumulative racial disadvantage and compensatory advantage of resilience.

July 1, 2023

This article analyzes the educational pathways of Black Canadian immigrant students in Quebec with Sub-Saharan African and Caribbean backgrounds. Both racialized groups have been targets of educational and social discrimination and segregation, which compromise their educational pathways. The results obtained from the longitudinal data however, show that some of these students are able to overcome…
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